ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPATUHAN TERAPI ANTIRETROVIRAL MENGGUNAKAN MORISKY MEDICATION ADHERENCE SCALE-8 PADA ODHIV

Abstract

Kepatuhan terhadap terapi antiretroviral (ART) merupakan faktor utama dalam mencapai viral suppression, mencegah resistensi obat, serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup Orang dengan HIV (ODHIV). Salah satu instrumen yang banyak digunakan untuk mengukur kepatuhan adalah Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral pada ODHIV menggunakan instrumen MMAS-8. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif analitik menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada 250 ODHIV yang menjalani terapi antiretroviral minimal enam bulan di Wilayah Kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Wonogiri. Teknik sampling menggunakan consecutive sampling. Tingkat kepatuhan diukur menggunakan kuesioner MMAS-8 yang terdiri atas delapan pertanyaan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, persentase, rerata dan simpangan baku. Rata-rata skor MMAS-8 responden sebesar 6,84 ± 1,32 dengan rentang skor 2–8. Sebanyak 148 responden (59,2%) memiliki kepatuhan tinggi, 62 responden (24,8%) kepatuhan sedang, dan 40 responden (16,0%) kepatuhan rendah. Item MMAS-8 yang paling sering dijawab "Ya" adalah lupa minum obat ketika bepergian (34,4%) dan lupa meminum obat pada hari sebelumnya (29,6%). Mayoritas ODHIV memiliki tingkat kepatuhan terapi yang tinggi. Meskipun demikian, masih terdapat sekitar 40% responden dengan kepatuhan sedang hingga rendah yang memerlukan intervensi edukasi, konseling, serta monitoring kepatuhan secara berkala.

ABSTRACT

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a key determinant of achieving viral suppression, preventing drug resistance, and improving the quality of life of people living with HIV (PLHIV). One of the most widely used instruments for assessing medication adherence is the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8). This study aimed to analyze the level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among PLHIV using the MMAS-8 instrument. This quantitative study employed a descriptive-analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted on 250 people living with HIV (PLHIV) who had been undergoing antiretroviral therapy for at least six months within the working area of ​​the Wonogiri Regency Health Office. Participants were recruited using a consecutive sampling technique. Medication adherence was assessed using the eight-item MMAS-8 questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequency distributions, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The mean MMAS-8 score was 6.84 ± 1.32, with scores ranging from 2 to 8. A total of 148 respondents (59.2%) demonstrated high adherence, 62 respondents (24.8%) had moderate adherence, and 40 respondents (16.0%) had low adherence. The MMAS-8 items most frequently answered "Yes" were forgetting to take medication while traveling (34.4%) and forgetting to take medication on the previous day (29.6%). The findings indicate that the majority of PLHIV demonstrated a high level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy. However, approximately 40% of respondents exhibited moderate to low adherence, highlighting the need for continuous educational interventions, adherence counseling, and routine adherence monitoring to optimize treatment outcomes.