PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TERAPI MUSIK TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA LANSIA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI DESA SAMBONG

THE EFFECT OF MUSIC THERAPY ON ANXIETY LEVELS AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN SAMBONG VILLAGE

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang banyak dialami oleh lansia dan menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas serta mortalitas di dunia. Seiring bertambahnya usia, perubahan fisiologis berupa penurunan elastisitas pembuluh darah meningkatkan risiko terjadinya hipertensi. Selain berdampak pada kondisi fisik, hipertensi juga dapat memengaruhi kondisi psikologis, salah satunya kecemasan. Kecemasan yang tidak segera ditangani dapat mengaktifkan sistem saraf simpatis sehingga meningkatkan denyut jantung dan tekanan darah serta memperburuk kondisi kesehatan lansia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi nonfarmakologis yang aman, mudah diterapkan, dan memiliki efek relaksasi, salah satunya adalah terapi musik. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian terapi musik terhadap tingkat kecemasan pada lansia penderita hipertensi di Desa Sambong. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain pre– post test. Sampel penelitian berjumlah lima responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Tingkat kecemasan diukur menggunakan kuesioner Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) sebelum dan sesudah pemberian terapi musik. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan membandingkan skor kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh responden mengalami penurunan skor kecemasan setelah diberikan terapi musik. Sebelum intervensi, tiga responden mengalami kecemasan ringan dan dua responden mengalami kecemasan sedang. Setelah pemberian terapi musik, terjadi penurunan skor HARS pada seluruh responden yang menunjukkan adanya perbaikan tingkat kecemasan. Kesimpulan: Terapi musik berpengaruh terhadap penurunan tingkat kecemasan pada lansia penderita hipertensi sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu intervensi keperawatan nonfarmakologis untuk membantu meningkatkan kenyamanan psikologis dan kualitas hidup lansia.

Kata kunci: hipertensi, lansia, terapi musik, kecemasan, HARS

ABSTRACT

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common non-communicable diseases among older adults and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As individuals age, physiological changes, particularly reduced vascular elasticity, increase the risk of developing hypertension. In addition to its physical effects, hypertension may also affect psychological well-being, particularly by increasing anxiety levels. Untreated anxiety can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased heart rate and blood ,pressure, which may worsen the health condition of older adults. Therefore, safe, practical, and effective non-pharmacological interventions are needed to help reduce anxiety. One such intervention is music therapy, which has been shown to promote relaxation and improve psychological well-being. Objective: To determine the effect of music therapy on anxiety levels among older adults with hypertension in Sambong Village. Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach using a pre–post test design. Five participants were selected through purposive sampling based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Anxiety levels were assessed before and after the intervention using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The data were analyzed descriptively by comparing anxiety scores before and after the administration of music therapy. Results: The findings showed that all participants experienced a reduction in anxiety scores after receiving music therapy. Prior to the intervention, three participants had mild anxiety and two had moderate anxiety. Following the intervention, all participants demonstrated lower HARS scores, indicating an improvement in their anxiety levels. Conclusion: Music therapy has a positive effect on reducing anxiety levels among older adults with hypertension. It can be considered an effective non-pharmacological nursing intervention to improve psychological comfort and enhance the quality of life of older adults with hypertension.

Keywords: hypertension, elderly, music therapy, anxiety, HARS

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang banyak dialami oleh lansia dan menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas serta mortalitas di dunia. Seiring bertambahnya usia, perubahan fisiologis berupa penurunan elastisitas pembuluh darah meningkatkan risiko terjadinya hipertensi. Selain berdampak pada kondisi fisik, hipertensi juga dapat memengaruhi kondisi psikologis, salah satunya kecemasan. Kecemasan yang tidak segera ditangani dapat mengaktifkan sistem saraf simpatis sehingga meningkatkan denyut jantung dan tekanan darah serta memperburuk kondisi kesehatan lansia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi nonfarmakologis yang aman, mudah diterapkan, dan memiliki efek relaksasi, salah satunya adalah terapi musik. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian terapi musik terhadap tingkat kecemasan pada lansia penderita hipertensi di Desa Sambong. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain pre– post test. Sampel penelitian berjumlah lima responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Tingkat kecemasan diukur menggunakan kuesioner Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) sebelum dan sesudah pemberian terapi musik. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan membandingkan skor kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh responden mengalami penurunan skor kecemasan setelah diberikan terapi musik. Sebelum intervensi, tiga responden mengalami kecemasan ringan dan dua responden mengalami kecemasan sedang. Setelah pemberian terapi musik, terjadi penurunan skor HARS pada seluruh responden yang menunjukkan adanya perbaikan tingkat kecemasan. Kesimpulan: Terapi musik berpengaruh terhadap penurunan tingkat kecemasan pada lansia penderita hipertensi sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu intervensi keperawatan nonfarmakologis untuk membantu meningkatkan kenyamanan psikologis dan kualitas hidup lansia.

ABSTRACT

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common non-communicable diseases among older adults and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As individuals age, physiological changes, particularly reduced vascular elasticity, increase the risk of developing hypertension. In addition to its physical effects, hypertension may also affect psychological well-being, particularly by increasing anxiety levels. Untreated anxiety can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased heart rate and blood ,pressure, which may worsen the health condition of older adults. Therefore, safe, practical, and effective non-pharmacological interventions are needed to help reduce anxiety. One such intervention is music therapy, which has been shown to promote relaxation and improve psychological well-being. Objective: To determine the effect of music therapy on anxiety levels among older adults with hypertension in Sambong Village. Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach using a pre–post test design. Five participants were selected through purposive sampling based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Anxiety levels were assessed before and after the intervention using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The data were analyzed descriptively by comparing anxiety scores before and after the administration of music therapy. Results: The findings showed that all participants experienced a reduction in anxiety scores after receiving music therapy. Prior to the intervention, three participants had mild anxiety and two had moderate anxiety. Following the intervention, all participants demonstrated lower HARS scores, indicating an improvement in their anxiety levels. Conclusion: Music therapy has a positive effect on reducing anxiety levels among older adults with hypertension. It can be considered an effective non-pharmacological nursing intervention to improve psychological comfort and enhance the quality of life of older adults with hypertension.